ANIMALS ANTI-SEMITISM
intelligence which have persisted through immense
periods of geologic time either unchanged or else
without any change in the direction of increased
intelligence; and during their species life they have
witnessed the death of countless other species of far
greater intelligence but in other ways less adapted to
succeed in the environmental complex. (1914.) Mem.
Ed VI, 36-37; Nat. Ed. V, 31-32.
ANIMALS. See also BIRDS; GAME; HUNTING;
NATURE STUDY; WILD LIFE.
ANNAPOLIS . Annapolis is, with the sole exception of
its sister academy at West Point, the most typically
democratic and American school of learning and
preparation that there is in the entire country. Men go
there from every State, from every walk of life,
professing every creed—the chance of entry being open
to all who perfect themselves in the necessary studies
and who possess the necessary moral and physical
qualities. There each man enters on his merits, stands
on his merits, and graduates into a service where only
his merit will enable him to be of value. (At Haverhill,
Mass., August 26, 1902.) Presidential Addresses and
State Papers I, 120.
Museum Journal, March 1918.) Mem. Ed. VI, 416; Nat.
Ed. V, 359.
ANIMALS—SURVIVAL OF. Other things being
equal, the length of an animal's stay in the land, when
the arch-foe of all lower forms of animal life has made
his appearance therein, depends upon the difficulty with
which he is hunted and slain. But other influences have
to be taken into account. The bighorn is shy and
retiring; very few, compared to the whole number, will
be killed; and yet the others vanish completely.
Apparently, they will not remain where they are hunted
and disturbed. With antelope and whitetail this does not
hold; they will cling to a place far more tenaciously,
even if often harassed. The former, being the more
conspicuous and living in such open ground, is apt to be
more persecuted; while the whitetail, longer than any
other animal, keeps its place in the land in spite of the
swinish game-butchers, who hunt for hides and not for
sport or actual food . . . .
All game animals rely upon both eyes, ears, and
nose to warn them of the approach of danger; but the
amount of reliance placed on each sense varies greatly
in different species. Those found out on the plains pay
very little attention to what they hear; indeed, in the
open they can hardly be approached near enough to
make of much account any ordinary amount of noise
caused by the stalker, especially as the latter is walking
over little but grass and soft earth. (1885.) Mem. Ed. I,
130-131; Nat. Ed. I, 107.
____________. Among the higher vertebrates there are
many known factors which have influence, some in one
set of cases, some in another set of cases, in the
development and preservation of species. Courage,
intelligence, adaptability, prowess, bodily vigor, speed,
alertness, ability to hide, ability to build structures
which will protect the young while they are helpless,
fecundity—all, and many more like them, have their
several places; and behind all these visible causes there
are at work other and often more potent causes of which
as yet science can say nothing. Some species owe much
to a given attribute which may be wholly lacking in
influence on other species; and every one of the
attributes above enumerated is a survival factor in some
species, while in others it has no survival value
whatever, and in yet others, although of benefit, it is not
of sufficient benefit to offset the benefit conferred on
foes or rivals by totally different attributes. Intelligence,
for instance, is of course a survival factor; but to-day
there exist multitudes of animals with very little
ANNAPOLIS. See also HAZING; JONES, JOHN PAUL;
WEST POINT .
ANTELOPE HUNTING. Of all kinds of hunting, the
chase of the antelope is pre-eminently that requiring
skill in the use of the rifle at long range. The distance at
which shots have to be taken in antelope hunting is at
last double the ordinary distance at which deer are fired
at. . . . I have myself done but little hunting after
antelopes, and have not, as a rule, been very successful
in the pursuit.
Ordinary hounds are rarely, or never, used to
chase this game; but coursing it with grayhounds is as
manly and exhilarating a form of sport as can be
imagined. (1885.) Mem. Ed. I, 180; Nat. Ed. I, 149.
ANTELOPE. See also PRONGBUCK.
ANTHRACITE COAL STRIKE. See COAL STRIKE.
ANTHROPOLOGY. See PRIMITIVE SOCIETY.
ANTI-SEMITISM. While I was police commissioner
an anti-Semitic preacher from Berlin, Rector Ahlwardt,
came over to New York to preach a crusade against the
Jews. Many of the New York Jews were much excited
and asked me to prevent him from speaking and not to
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